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SCRUMble ! - New Book about SCRUM

 SCRUMble ! Hello Blog Readers! Thank you for all your support and encouragement. I have something exciting for you all. I have recently written and published a new book called 'SCRUMble !'. It is currently available on pothi store. It will be soon available on Amazon and Flipkart as well. Please get your copy and do let me know your reviews. -Abhishek Sathe SCRUMble ! Written and Published by: Abhishek Sathe                                                                              Distributed by: pothi.com Order your copy now:  https://store.pothi.com/book/abhishek-sathe-scrumble/ Coming soon on Amazon and Flipkart About the book: Scrum is a framework for solving complex problems largely adapted by Software Development field. There are multiple ag...
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Connecting Devices and their Operating Layers


Connecting Devices and their Operating Layers :

  • Passive Hub- is just a connector.
  1. Operating Layer- Below the Physical Layer.

     
  • Repeater- receives a signal and, before it becomes too weak or corrupted, regenerates the original bit pattern. The repeater then sends the refreshed signal.
  1. Operating Layer- Physical Layer.
  2. A Repeater connects different segments of the same LAN.


  • Active Hub- is a multiport repeater. It is normally used to connect connections between stations in a physical star topology.
  1. Operating Layer- Physical Layer.


  • Bridge- operates both in physical and data link layer. As a physical layer device, it regenerates the signal it receives. As a data link layer device, the bridge can check the physical(MAC) addresses(source and destination) connected in the frame. 
  1. Operating Layer- Physical Layer and Data Link Layer.
  2. A bridge connecting two LANs is shown below-


  • Two-Layer Switch- is a bridge with many ports and a design that allows better (faster) performance. 
  1. Operating Layer- Physical Layer and Data Link Layer.


  • Router- is a three layer device that routes packets based on their logical addresses. A router normally connects LANs or WANs in the Internet and has a routing table that is used for making decisions about the route.
  1. Operating Layer- Physical Layer, Data Link Layer and Network Layer.


  • Three-Layer Switch- is a router but faster and more sophisticated. The switching fabric in a three-layer switch allows faster table lookup and forwarding. 
  1. Operating Layer- Physical Layer, Data Link Layer and Network Layer.


  • Gateways-is a component that operates in all five layers of the Internet or seven layers of the OSI model. A gateway takes an application message, reads it, and interpretes it. This means that it can be used as a connecting device between two inter-networks that use different models.
  1. Operates at-all layers. Physical, Data Link Layer, Network, Transport and Application Layers of Internet.    
This post will be useful in understanding question : Device on one network can communicate with a device on another network via a:

(A) Switch (B) Utility server (C) File server (D) Gateway

(This question was asked in SET Paper -II Question 27 Examination for subject Computer Science and Applications in paper NOV-37211/II)
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